Primitive Reflexes and Sensory Processing: What Parents Need to Know 

From the moment a baby is born, their bodies are hard at work responding to the world around them. Many of these early movements - like grasping a finger or turning toward a sound - are driven by primitive reflexes. These are automatic, involuntary responses controlled by the lower parts of the brain, the brainstem, and spinal cord. Primitive reflexes play a vital role in survival and development during infancy, helping with essential tasks like feeding, safety, and lay the foundation for more complex motor skills. As a child’s brain matures, these reflexes are typically replaced by voluntary, controlled movements through a process called reflex integration. 

Sometimes these reflexes don’t fade away as expected. When primitive reflexes remain active beyond their typical timeframe, they’re referred to as retained reflexes. This can interfere with the development of higher-level motor and sensory skills and is often linked to Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD). SPD is a neurological condition that affects how the brain interprets sensory information - such as touch, sound, movement, and light. Children with SPD may be overly sensitive or under-responsive to sensory input, which can make everyday activities and social experiences challenging. 

The connection between retained reflexes and SPD lies in the development of the nervous system. If reflexes are retained, it suggests that the brain may have missed key opportunities to build proper sensory processing pathways during the first year of life. This can lead to difficulties with postural stability, coordination, fine and gross motor skills, sensory regulation, and attention and focus. For example, a child might struggle with handwriting, feel overwhelmed by loud noises or certain textures, or have trouble sitting still and concentrating. 

Fortunately, there are ways to support children with retained reflexes and SPD. Therapeutic interventions often include targeted exercises designed to help integrate these reflexes and balance the sensory system. These activities mimic natural developmental movements and encourage the brain to form new neural connections. Reflex integration is typically part of a broader sensory therapy plan that may also include strategies for emotional regulation, motor coordination, and social development. 

Understanding the role of primitive reflexes in sensory processing can empower families to seek the right support for their children. With the help of skilled professionals and thoughtful interventions, children can build stronger foundations for learning, movement, and emotional well-being. 

If you suspect your child may be experiencing sensory challenges or retained reflexes, set up an Occupational Therapy evaluation with us by calling 331.249.6626 or schedule online at www.aurorapediatric.care